Kerosene
Kerosene requirements depend on how the product will be used. Choose the application that applies to your enquiry: aviation turbine fuel and heating or industrial kerosene follow different specifications.
- Aviation or heating/industrial application.
- Grade-specific specifications.
- Documentation requirements defined per enquiry.
Two applications, two sets of requirements
These sections explain enquiry requirements. They do not indicate confirmed stock or certified aviation-fuel supply.
Jet A-1 aviation fuel — selected reference specifications
Jet A-1 is a kerosene-type aviation turbine fuel. Enquiries must identify the required specification, quality documentation, destination, and delivery arrangements.
Specification references: ASTM D1655 and DEF STAN 91-091, as applicable to the agreed product and contractual requirements.
| Parameter | Limit type | Jet A-1 reference requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Density at 15 °C | Range | 775–840 kg/m³ |
| Flash point | Minimum | Minimum 38 °C |
| Freezing point | Maximum | Maximum −47 °C |
| Kinematic viscosity at −20 °C | Maximum | Maximum 8.0 mm²/s |
| Total sulfur | Maximum | Maximum 0.30% by mass |
| Net heat of combustion | Minimum | Minimum 42.8 MJ/kg |
| 10% distillation temperature | Maximum | Maximum 205 °C |
| Final boiling point | Maximum | Maximum 300 °C |
These reference parameters apply specifically to Jet A-1. Full specification requirements and applicable quality documentation must be confirmed for any proposed aviation-fuel transaction.
Heating and industrial kerosene
For heating and industrial kerosene enquiries, specify the intended application, destination market, and required product standard. The applicable quality limits depend on the nominated grade.
Include the following:
- Intended application.
- Required national or contractual standard.
- Sulfur limit.
- Flash point requirement.
- Any relevant colour or marking requirement.
- Quantity, destination, and delivery schedule.
The Jet A-1 reference table does not apply to heating or industrial kerosene. Burner kerosene has its own specifications, including the separate grades described by ASTM D3699.
Specifications shown are selected reference parameters for initial enquiries. Product availability, the complete agreed specification, origin, quantity, delivery terms, and applicable quality documentation are confirmed for each transaction. This information is not a Certificate of Analysis or confirmation of available stock.
Abbreviations
- ASTM
- ASTM International — publisher of fuel specifications such as ASTM D1655 and ASTM D3699.
- DEF STAN
- UK Defence Standard; DEF STAN 91-091 covers Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel.
- COA
- Certificate of Analysis — laboratory results for a specific shipment or batch.
Technical references
- Jet A-1 — the selected properties are supported by ExxonMobil’s published Jet A-1 product specification.
- ASTM D1655 and DEF STAN 91-091 — aviation turbine fuel specifications; ASTM D3699 — kerosene (burner) specification.
Sources are cited for technical reference only. They do not indicate any commercial relationship between the organisations named and Friend’s Oil Company L.L.C.
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